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Lepidium meyenii
''Lepidium meyenii'' (maca) is an herbaceous biennial plant of the crucifer family native to the high Andes of Peru. It was found at the Meseta of BomBom close to Junin Lake in the Andes.〔Hermann, M, Bernet T. "(The transition of maca from neglect to market prominence: Lessons for improving use strategies and market chains of minor crops. )" Agricultural Biodiversity and Livelihoods Discussion Papers 1. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy, 101 p., 2009.〕 It is grown for its fleshy hypocotyl (a fused hypocotyl and taproot), which is used as a root vegetable and a medicinal herb. Its Spanish and Quechua names include ''maca-maca'', ''maino'', ''ayak chichira'', and ''ayak willku''.
==Botanical characteristics==
The first westerner to describe this species was Gerhard Walpers who named it ''Lepidium meyenii'' in 1843. In the 1990s, Gloria Chacon made a further distinction of different species. She considered the widely cultivated natural maca of today to be a newer domesticated species, ''L. peruvianum''. Most botanists today doubt this distinction, however, and continue to call the cultivated maca ''L. meyenii''. The Latin name recognized by the USDA also continues to be ''Lepidium meyenii''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 accessdate = 2008-11-23 )〕 Debate is a still ongoing about the correct nomenclature and whether the distinction between ''meyenii'' and ''peruvianum'' is botanically correct.〔
The growth habit, size, and proportions of maca are roughly similar to those of radishes and turnips, to which it is related. The green, fragrant tops are short and lie along the ground. The thin, frilly leaves sprout in a rosette at the soil surface, not growing more than in height. The leaves show a dimorphism according to reproductive stage. They are more prominent in the vegetative phase, and are continuously renewed from the center as the outer leaves die. The off-white, self-fertile flowers are borne on a central raceme, and are followed by siliculate fruits, each containing two small reddish-gray ovoid seeds. Seeds are the maca’s only means of reproduction. Maca reproduces mainly through self-pollination and is an autogamous species. The genome consists of 64 chromosomes. From experiments with different day lengths, maca is a short-day plant.〔 Some sources consider the maca to be an annual plant, as in favorable years it can complete a lifecycle within a year.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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